Although the guide is written primarily for nmhss, many other organizations and research. Usually compact, batterypowered, and portable, two types of multimeter are widely available. Level sight glass and adjustable feet for perfect level measurement weight. Merits uniform scale for the instrument power consumption is very low a single instrument can be used for different current and voltage ranges the toqueweight ratio is high gives higher accuracy. Here we are interested in electrical measuring instruments so we will discuss about them in detail. Today, the usual measuring instruments for time are clocks and watches. Moreover,the book deals with the cathode ray oscilloscopes. An instrument based 011 the twin t null circuit can be made selfcalibrating at a given.
Aug 25, 2014 merits uniform scale for the instrument power consumption is very low a single instrument can be used for different current and voltage ranges the toqueweight ratio is high gives higher accuracy. Precision a measure of consistency or repeatability of measurement, i. Electrical field, e, is the negative of the gradient in electrical potential, i. Electronic instrumentselectronic voltmeter, vtvm transistor voltmeter, electronic multimeter, cro s study of various stages in brief, measurement of voltage, current phase and frequency, special purpose oscilloscope, measurement of resistance, inductance, capacitance using kelvin s maxwell s and schering bridge. Modern electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques helfrick, albert d. Multimeter measures range of currents and voltages for both direct current and alternating current and also resistances. The multimeter is the most common electronic instrumentation in use. Measurement of instantaneous values of more than quantities u, i, p, q, s, pf, pa, f. Cooper, modern electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques prentice hall, 1994. A second common instrument found in any well used instrumentation shop is the frequency counter or meter. Methods of electronic measurements were invented and developed simultaneously with the. List of electrical and electronic measuring equipment.
Measurements and instrumentation courseware national. Electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques by. Eee 432 measurement and instrumentation lecture 1 fundamentals of measurement prof. Read measurement instrument articles about photoelastic modulators, polarimeters, and exicor based products and applications. Electrodynamic, thermocouple electrostatic and rectifier type ammeters and voltmeters, electrodynamic wattmeter, three phase. Voltage, current, and resistance measuring instruments scott stever. Electromechanical ammeters, voltmeters, and ohmmeters chapter 5. Measurement, dynamic characteristicsspeed of response, fidelity, lag and dynamic error, dc voltmeters, ammeters multirange, range extension, ac voltmetersmultirange, range extension,shunt. In its most simple form the meter measures the amount of time it takes from one positive going pulse to the next positive going pulse, and the result is displayed as a number of cycles per second or hertz. All the static performance characteristics are obtained by one form or another of a process called calibration. Stop watches are also used to measure time in some sports.
Measures the resistance of a component oscilloscope. Electronic measurements measurement of some electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic quantity or of the relationships between such quantities characterizing the operation of electronic equipment over the range of frequencies from the infrasonic to the superhigh. It is a combination meter that is capable of measuring, resistance, voltage ac and dc and. Modern electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques. List of electrical and electronic measuring equipment wikipedia. Below are some examples of how the instruments themselves change our measurements. This tutorial covers mainly the electronic instruments, which are useful for measuring either electrical quantities or parameters following are the most commonly used electronic instruments. Pdf development of an instrument the colt to measure. Square waves can also be used to test the response time of a digital circuits.
The comprehensive directory provides access to full contact and ability information for sourcing professionals, engineers and researchers wishing to get information on instruments. To accurately model our systems, we must take nonidealities into account. Sawhney and puneet sawhney, is a comprehensive course book for engineering students. Linear birefringence measurement instrument using two photoelastic modulators b. Fundamentalsofinstrumentationandmeasurement yidnekachew. It is essential for students specializing in electrical and electronic. Displays waveform of a signal, allows measurement of frequency, timing, peak excursion, offset. Classification, absolute and secondary instruments, indicating instruments, control, balancing and damping, constructional details, characteristics, errors in measurement, ammeters, voltmeters. The only prerequisites are courses in differential equations, as well as electricity and magnetism. Measurement system any of the systems used in the process of associating numbers with physical quantities and phenomena. One of the first requirements in this calibration procedure is that a suitable, stable dc supply be available, since any variation in the supply voltage causes a corresponding change in. Measuring instruments the device used for comparing the unknown quantity with the unit of measurement or standard quantity is called a measuring instrument.
Run vxi resource managerruns vxi resource manager resman for the selected vxi system. A literature search resulted in some instruments to measure. In the past, a common time measuring instrument was the sundial. Beginning with the units, dimensions and standard, this book discusses the measurement and measurement errors.
Propertiesdisplays properties of the selected vxi system. Electrodynamic, thermocouple electrostatic and rectifier type ammeters and voltmeters, electrodynamic wattmeter, three phase wattmeter. Expected value the design value or the most probable value that expect to obtain. Demerits this instrument can be used only on dc supply the cost of the instrument is more than m. This is electronic measurements and instrumentation pdf. Both signal generation signal generators, power supplies and signal measurement multimeters, scopes instruments are nonideal. This instrument generates high and low logic states to test digital circuits. For highly accurate measurement of time an atomic clock is used.
One of the first requirements in this calibration procedure is that a suitable, stable dc supply be available, since any variation in the supply voltage causes a corresponding change in the voltmeter calibration voltage. Electrical measuring instruments are devices used to measure electrical quantities such as electric current, voltage, resistance, electrical power and energy. A selfcalibrating instrument for measuring conductance at radio. Measurement systems, units, and standards chapter 2. Pdf conceptions of medical teachers regarding learning and teaching affect their. Instrumentation is a collective term for measuring instruments that are used for indicating. A course in electrical and electronic measurements and. Measurement measurement also called metrology is the science of determining values of physical variables. Guide to meteorological instruments and methods of observation.
Electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques book. These are all available for download in pdf form from the course web page. Methods of measurement, measurement system, classification of instrument system, characteristic of instrument and measurement system, errors in measurement and its analysis, standards. If a logic probe is not available a square wave through a signal generator can be used. The static characteristics of an instrument are, in general, considered for instruments which are used to measure an unvarying process condition. Then, it goes on to discuss electronics equipment,measurements of low resistence and a.
Resolution the smallest change in a measurement variable to which an instrument will respond. Electrical and electronics measurements and instrumentation. Search hundreds of resources for measurements and instrumentation homework problems, lab exercises, example programs, and tutorials. Although the concept of weights and measures today. Further,it describes various instrument calibration. The course will integrate demonstrations and laboratory. Electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques by albert d. Electronicsmeasuring instruments wikibooks, open books.
The smallest change in a measured variable to which an instrument will respond. A course in electrical and electronic measurements and instrumentation, authored by a. Popular with manufacturing and service professionals alike, the most versatile test instrument is the multimeter, combining measurement of ac and dc voltage, resistance ohms, and current amperes. Effective resistance at high frequency, r meter, lcr meter. General purpose instrument measures voltage, current and resistance and sometimes other quantities as well network analyzer. Engineering modern electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques material type book language english title modern electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques authors albert d. Electrical measurements and measuring instruments u. The instruments, which are used to measure any quantity are known as measuring instruments. For the instrument to perform the desired function, it may be necessary to. Cooper and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Processing of the analogue measurement signals 121 4. Digital voltmeters, multimeters, and frequency meters.
Mar 15, 2020 basically there are three types of measuring instruments and they are. Users manual for standard temppoint, voltpoint, and. The instrument is used for monitoring, measuring and recording measurements of electric quantities of electrical power distribution system. Modern electronic instrumentation and measurement techniques details category. Course description the course is designed to provide a practical introduction to electronics with a focus on measurement and signals.
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